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Thymulin Research

A typographic reference on thymulin — the zinc-bound thymic nonapeptide — read through its neuroendocrine axis: what the literature establishes, sequence to signaling, and where the human data stop.

Thymulin sources · The complete list

Thymulin References Link to Each Record

Find each study's authors, year, journal, and link in one place.

Return to the main findingsReview the two-gland work

Thymulin Sources Show Who and What Was Tested

Thymulin research mostly comes from lab work. This page lists every paper used here. You can check each author, year, and journal.

The strongest papers explain zinc and the hormone's shape. One human paper examined low zinc. Others used rat cells, mice, or pigs. That's why the human list is short.

Each title opens a medical library record. There, you can check the authors and journal. You can also read the study summary. The list doesn't hide the lack of human work.

  1. Dardenne M, Pléau JM, Nabarra B, Lefrancier P, Derrien M, Choay J, Bach JF. Contribution of zinc and other metals to the biological activity of the serum thymic factor. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1982;79(17):5370-3. ↗
  2. Dardenne M, Pléau JM. Interactions between zinc and thymulin. Met Based Drugs. 1994;1(2-3):233-9. ↗
  3. Prasad AS, Meftah S, Abdallah J, Kaplan J, Brewer GJ, Bach JF, Dardenne M. Serum thymulin in human zinc deficiency. J Clin Invest. 1988;82(4):1202-10. ↗
  4. Reggiani PC, Morel GR, Cónsole GM, Barbeito CG, Rodriguez SS, Brown OA, Bellini MJ, Pléau JM, Dardenne M, Goya RG. The thymus-neuroendocrine axis: physiology, molecular biology, and therapeutic potential of the thymic peptide thymulin. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2009;1153:98-106. ↗
  5. Reggiani PC, Schwerdt JI, Cónsole GM, Roggero EA, Dardenne M, Goya RG. Physiology and therapeutic potential of the thymic peptide thymulin. Curr Pharm Des. 2014;20(29):4690-6. ↗
  6. Novoselova EG, Khrenov MO, Glushkova OV, Lunin SM, Parfenyuk SB, Novoselova TV, Fesenko EE. Anti-inflammatory effects of IKK inhibitor XII, thymulin, and fat-soluble antioxidants in LPS-treated mice. Mediators Inflamm. 2014;2014:724838. ↗
  7. da Silva AL, de Oliveira GP, Kim N, Cruz FF, Kitoko JZ, Blanco NG, Martini SV, Hanes J, Rocco PRM, Suk JS, Morales MM. Nanoparticle-based thymulin gene therapy therapeutically reverses key pathology of experimental allergic asthma. Sci Adv. 2020;6(24):eaay7973. ↗
  8. Reggiani PC, Hereñú CB, Rimoldi OJ, Brown OA, Pléau JM, Dardenne M, Goya RG. Gene therapy for long-term restoration of circulating thymulin in thymectomized mice and rats. Gene Ther. 2006;13(16):1214-21. ↗
  9. Reggiani PC, Poch B, Cónsole GM, Rimoldi OJ, Schwerdt JI, Tüngler V, Garcia-Bravo MM, Dardenne M. Thymulin-based gene therapy and pituitary function in animal models of aging. Neuroimmunomodulation. 2011;18(5):350-6. ↗
  10. Reggiani PC, Barbeito CG, Zuccolilli GO, Cónsole GM, Flamini AM, Dardenne M, Goya RG. Neonatal thymulin gene therapy prevents ovarian dysgenesis and attenuates reproductive derangements in nude female mice. Endocrinology. 2012;153(8):3922-8. ↗
  11. Hadley AJ, Rantle CM, Buckingham JC. Thymulin stimulates corticotrophin release and cyclic nucleotide formation in the rat anterior pituitary gland. Neuroimmunomodulation. 1997;4(2):62-9. ↗
  12. Faure GC, Bene MC, Thomas P, Tamisier JN. An open trial of thymulin (FTS-Zn) in rheumatoid arthritis patients: sequential clinical and immunological follow-up. Clin Exp Rheumatol. 1987;5(3):291-3. ↗
  13. Faure G, Bene MC, Tamisier JN, Gaucher A, Duheille J. Thymulin (FTS-Zn) induced in vitro modulation of T cell subsets markers on lymphocytes from rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus patients. Int J Immunopharmacol. 1984;6(4):381-8. ↗
  14. Wang W, Thomas R, Oh J, Su DM. Thymic Aging May Be Associated with COVID-19 Pathophysiology in the Elderly. Cells. 2021;10(3):628. ↗
  15. Wise T, Ford JJ. Effects of the thymic peptide thymulin on in vitro and in vivo testicular steroid concentrations in white composite and Meishan boars. J Anim Sci. 1999;77(8):2240-51. ↗